What does sounding out refer to in reading instruction?

Sounding out in reading instruction specifically refers to the process of using phonics to decode words. This technique involves breaking a word down into its individual sounds, or phonemes, and then blending those sounds together to form the word. For example, when students encounter an unfamiliar word, they can identify the letters and their corresponding sounds, such as the sounds of /b/, /a/, and /t/ for the word "bat," and then combine these sounds to read the word successfully.

This method is fundamental in teaching students how to decode words independently, which is essential for developing literacy skills. It empowers them to approach new words confidently by applying their knowledge of letter-sound relationships. This is particularly important for early readers who are still building their vocabulary and decoding skills.

The other options do not accurately capture the meaning of "sounding out." Reading fluently without pauses emphasizes fluidity rather than decoding processes. Verbalizing the text aloud is more about oral reading and does not directly relate to decoding. Memorizing word meanings focuses on comprehension and vocabulary acquisition, which are distinct from the mechanics of decoding words through phonics.