What does "schema" refer to in reading?

In the context of reading, "schema" refers to the mental framework that individuals use to organize and interpret information based on their prior knowledge and experiences. This concept is fundamental to understanding how readers make connections with the text. When readers encounter a new text, they draw upon their existing schema, which influences what they understand and how they interpret the information presented.

For example, if a reader has prior knowledge about a specific topic, such as animals, and they encounter a book or article about wildlife, they will use their schema related to animals to better understand and relate to the new information. This prior knowledge helps them infer meaning, make predictions, and engage more deeply with the text.

The other options do not capture this concept accurately. A collection of reading resources does not pertain to the cognitive structures individuals have in their minds. A method of assessing comprehension is focused on evaluating understanding rather than the background knowledge that supports that understanding. Similarly, a type of reading strategy might involve specific techniques for improving reading but does not encompass the extensive and individual nature of schema. Hence, recognizing schema as prior knowledge and experience is essential for facilitating comprehension and engagement with reading material.